Ko kasan abin da ke haifar da cutar Kuturta a tsakani Hausawa

Daga Rukayya Ibrahim Lawal Sokoto.

*Cutar Kuturta*

Cutar kuturta wacce aka fi sani da Leprosy ta samo asali ne daga ƙwayar cutar Mycobacterium Leprae. Ƙwayoyin cutar da ke shafar fata da jijiyoyin jiki na waje wadda kai tsaye take iya kai wa ga nakasta da ka iya rage yawancin rai. matsakaici tsawon rayuwar masu cutar kuturta shekaru sha huɗu idan aka auna da shekaru 67 na sauran al'umma lafiyayyu.

*Mycobacterium Leprae*

Wannan ƙwayar cutar na ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu da ke haifar da cutar kuturta. Ƙananun ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu siffar sanduna suna bayyana a matsayin gungu, jajaye ne a launi.

*Ire-iren cutar Kuturta*

Tuberculoid (TT)
Borderline Tuberculoid (BT)
Mid-Borderline (BB)
Borderline Lepromatous (BL)
Lepromatous (LL)

*Tubakuloid (TT)*

Ana bayyana wannan nau'in cutar kuturta da ƙarfin martanin Garkuwar jiki wanda ke haifar da 'yan raunuka a fata da ke bayyana sosai tare da lalata jijiyoyi da haifar da rashin yin motsinsu yadda ya kamata. Shi ne ma fi kankanta da sauƙi a kan sauran nau'o'in.

*Bodalain tubakuloid*

Shi wannan nau'in cutar yana nuna duka siffofin cutar kuturta ta tuberculoid da kuma ta tsakiyar iyaka tare da ƙarin raunukan fata fiye da na tuberculoid da kuma wasu raunukan da suka shafi jijiyoyi.

*Cutar kuturta ta matsakaicin iyaka*

Wannan nau'in cutar kuturta na mid-boderline wato Borderline Borderline (BB) yana daga cikin nau'o'in cutar da ake ware wa bisa matakan kariya da ciki ke da shi. 

*Alamomin Mid-bodalain lipirosi*

° Fatar jiki tana nuna ciwo da launuka dabam-dabam masu yawa kamar dai:

  - Jin rashin daidaito a jiki
  -  Kumburi da sauran su.
Wannan nau'in na matsakaicin tsanani ne kuma ba ya dawwama hasalima yana iya canzawa zuwa mai tsanani fiye da hakan.

° *Yiwuwar kamuwar Jijiyoyi*

Jijiyoyi za su iya harbuwa da cutar a wannan matakin amma ba lallai su kasance a wuri ɗaya ba. Yawancin kwayoyin cutar da ke jiki a wannan matakin a kan iya ganin su ta hanyar gwajin jinin fata.

° *Kariyar Jiki (Garkuwar jiki)* a irin wannan nau'i ta kan raunana fiye da lokacin da take matakin BT amma raunin bai kai na lokacin da ta shiga matakin LL ba.

*Su wa suka fi hatsarin kamuwa da cutar?*

1: *Mutanen da ke zaune tare da mai cutar*

Makusanta na wanda ke fama da lalurar da ba a fara masa MDT ba suna cikin hatsari saboda cutar tana yaɗuwa ne ta hanyar shaƙar numfashin da ke ɗauke da kwayoyin cutar daga hanci ko bakin mai cutar.

2: *Waɗanda ke rayuwa a yankunan da cutar ta yawaita*

Su ma suna da mummunan hatsarin kamuwa da ita saboda cuta ce da ake ɗauka ta hanyar iskar numfashi.

3: *Ma su raunin garkuwar jiki*

Waɗanda suke fama da cuttuka masu karya garkuwar jiki kamar su Sida/HIV da sauran su suna da hatsarin saurin kamuwa da ita. Hakaza mutanen da ke shan maganin rage ƙarfin garkuwar jiki saboda wasu dalilai na lafiyarsu su ma suna da mummunan hadarin kamuwa da ita. 

4: *Kananun yara*

Yara suna da matuƙar hatsarin kamuwa da ita saboda garkuwar jikinsu tana kan ƙarfafuwa ne ba ta kammala ba.

5: *Wadanda suka hada alaƙar jini da mai cutar*

 Idan akwai tarihin cutar a dangi ma'ana wani ya taɓa yin ta, to akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da ita fiye da wanda bai da alaƙa da masu cutar.

6: *Rashin Tsafta da cunkoso*

Wuraren da ke da cunkuso kuma suke fama da rashin tsafta sun fi haifar da yaɗuwar cutar saboda sauƙin ɗaukar da take da shi ta hanyar hulɗayya.

*Matakan Kariya*

• Rufe fuska da mask 
• Fara magani da wuri idan an gano alamomin cutar:
• Gujewa huldayya da mai cutar
• Wayarwa da jama'a kai

*Manazarta*

Donohue, M. (2023, October 25). Leprosy. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/leprosy

Wikipedia contributors. (2025, April 30). Mycobacterium leprae. Wikipedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_leprae

World Health Organization: have WHO. (2025, January 24). Leprosy. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy#:~:text=Leprosy%2C%20also%20known%20as%20Hansen,respiratory%20tract%20and%20the%20eyes.