Shin Wane ne Bahaushe?
A wani hasashen an danganta samun ƙabilar Hausawa da auratayyar al’ummatai daga Afrika ta Arewa inda zaunannun waɗannan wurare suka gauraya da buzaye, sannan aka samu Hausawa. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne a tsakanin 1050 da 1100. Amma kuma wani manzarcin ya ƙalubalanci wannan hasahen inda ya ce babu wata tabbatacciyar hujja da ta nuna samun Hausawa bisa wannan auratayyar al’ummatan. A ganin wannan manazarcin, in an ce “Ƙasar Hausa” to ana nufin yankin da ake magana da yaren “Hausa”, ba wai wata ƙabila ba. Sauran ra’ayin manazarta suma sun ginu ne a kan wannan ra’ayin. Ta haka, misali, Niven ya ce kalmar “Hausa” asalinta ta Buzaye ce, domin da wannan sunan suke kiran duk wanda ya fito daga arewancin kogin Kwara. A wannan nazarin, Hausa kalma ce wadda Buzaye ke kiran duk baƙar fatar da ke inda Larabawa ke kira Sudan. Abin mamaki, ita wannan kalmar ma tana nufin mutanen Abyssinia, watau Habasha,
Shin Wane ne Bahaushe?
Daga Farfesa Abdalla Uba Adamu
Babban abin da za a fara tambaya a nan shi ne, wai shin wanene Bahaushe?
Wannan tambayar tana da ban mamaki domin ganin cewa babu wata ƙabila da ake tantamar salsalarta a Najeriya. Misali, idan aka ce Yarabawa, an san waɗanda a ke nufi. Amma da zarar ka ce Hausawa, sai a fara musu domin ana ganin yawan gaurayar al’ummatai, da kuma iya yaren Hausa na mutane da yawa ya sa bama za a iya cewa ga Bahaushe ba.
Wannan tunani ya ƙarfafu a bisa nazarin wani mai nazarin harshe da ake kira Joseph Greenberg, wanda ya rasu a Amurka ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2001 yana ɗan shekara 85. A turbar nazarin da ya gina, Greenberg ya jagoranci ra’ayin cewa babu wata ƙabila Hausawa, domin su kansu Hausawan, a wajensu kalmar “Hausa” tana nufin yare – misali zaka ji mutum ya ce “bana jin Hausar wancan mutumin” – watau a nan, Hausa yare ce kenan. Sannan kuma kusan kowannen Bahaushe zaka ji ya ce da kai ai shi ainihin iyayensa Fulani ne, Buzayene, Barebari ne, da dai sauransu. Amma kuma in ka tambaye shi ko yana jin wancan yaren na waɗannan mutanen, sai ya ce da kai baya ji. Wannan shi ke daɗa dagula Hausa da Hausanci, a rasa ma wai shin wanene Bahaushen.
A wani hasashen an danganta samun ƙabilar Hausawa da auratayyar al’ummatai daga Afrika ta Arewa inda zaunannun waɗannan wurare suka gauraya da buzaye, sannan aka samu Hausawa. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne a tsakanin 1050 da 1100. Amma kuma wani manzarcin ya ƙalubalanci wannan hasahen inda ya ce babu wata tabbatacciyar hujja da ta nuna samun Hausawa bisa wannan auratayyar al’ummatan. A ganin wannan manazarcin, in an ce “Ƙasar Hausa” to ana nufin yankin da ake magana da yaren “Hausa”, ba wai wata ƙabila ba. Sauran ra’ayin manazarta suma sun ginu ne a kan wannan ra’ayin. Ta haka, misali, Niven ya ce kalmar “Hausa” asalinta ta Buzaye ce, domin da wannan sunan suke kiran duk wanda ya fito daga arewancin kogin Kwara. A wannan nazarin, Hausa kalma ce wadda Buzaye ke kiran duk baƙar fatar da ke inda Larabawa ke kira Sudan. Abin mamaki, ita wannan kalmar ma tana nufin mutanen Abyssinia, watau Habasha, wanda wannan ya kawo hasashen cewa Hausawa daga Habasha suke; yanzu kam mun gane cewa kiran Hausawa da Hausa, da kuma kiran Habashawa da Hausa, duk aikin Buzaye ne. Sannan kuma yin amfani da kalmar ma ƙasƙanci ne na wariyar launin fatan da Buzaye ke yi wa ɗuk wani baƘi. Misali, tunda Hausa tana nufin Bahaushe da kuma Bahabashe, sai a ka samu wata danganta ta yadda a harshen Habashanci, “habshi” na nufin haushin kare. Saboda haka a wajen Buzayen wancan lokacin, duk wanda ke magana da waɗannan yarurrikan to Bahabshi ko Bahaushe ne. A taƙaice dai an daidata furucin Hausa da haushin kare, wanda kuma su Hausawa suna yin haka ga waɗansu ƙabilun inda in mutum baya jin Hausa, sai su ce, “bagware ne”.
Skinner kuwa cewa yayi kalmar “Hausa” ta fito daga mutanen Songhai (inda Mali take yanzu) ne, domin sune suke kiran duk ƙauyukan da ke gabas da su hausa ko aussa, daga nan ne su “Hausawan” suka ari wannan kalmar suke kiran kansu da ita – watau kafin wannan basu da wani suna da suke kiran kansu! Sannan kuma manazartan tarihin ƙasashen Larabawa sun ziyarci ƙasar Hausa amma duk a rubutunsu, basu ambaci kalmar “Hausa ba” a matsayi sunan ƙabilun da suka haɗu da su.
Marubuta kamar su Leo Africanus wanda ya ziyarci ƙasar Hausa wajen ƙarni daga 1513 zuwa 1515, bai ambaci mutanen da sunan Hausawa ba, sai dai ya ce “Mutanen Kano”, “Mutanen Katsina”, da sauransu. Yarensu kuma sai ya ce suna magana da yaren “Mutanen Gobir”.
Wannan ya nuna cewa jimlar kalmar “Hausa” a matsayin nuni ga wata ƙabila sabon abu ne wanda bai wuce shekaru 400 ba. Amma kuma akwai daulolin Hausawa da masarautun Hausawa da ake magana da harshen Hausa fiye da shekaru 1000 da suka wuce. Idan haka ne, ashe Hausanci ba a yaren ya tsaya ba, akwai ƙabila wacce take da salsala. Maƙala suna “Hausawa” a matayin masu magana da yaren “Hausa” abu ne wanda waɗansu suka yi wa Hausawan, amma basu Hausawan da kansu ba, kamar yadda Hausawa ke cewa da ƙabilar Igbo na Najeriya “Inyamurai”, wanda kuma ba haka su Igbo suka kiran kansu ba. Saboda haka ko da lokacin da Leo Africanu ya zo Kano, daular Kano ta yi fiye da shekaru 500 da kafuwa, kuma da Hausa ake tafiyar da ita. Ashe Hausanci ba yare ne ba, akwai ƙabila Hausa. A nan nafi karkata ga Muhammad Sani Ibrahim inda ya ce, Hausa suna ne da yake da ma’anar Harshe, da mutanen da suke magana da shi, da kuma ƙasar da ake magana da shi.
Saboda haka sai mu koma tambayar farko, shin wanene Bahaushe?
Amsar a nan ita ce duk wanda salsalarsa babu wani yaren iyaye sai Hausa, to shi ne Bahaushe. Idan a jerin iyaye da kakanni akwai wanda ba Bahaushe bane, to kai ma ba Bahaushe bane. Na aro wannan ma’aunin bisa cewa Hausanci ƙirar halitta ce, ba lafazi ba. Misali, a ƙasar Turawa, in a cikin iyaye da kakanninka akwai baƙar fata, to ko kafi madara fari a matsayin baƙar fata kake. A wannan ma’aunin, babu maganar zama a wata al’umma da kuma sanin yarenta, domin ka zama ɗan wannan al’ummar (a nan, ƙabilar). Misali, duk iya larabcin baƙar fatan da ya zauna a garin Makka, ba za a taɓa kiransa Balarabe ba, ba wai kawai don akwai banbancin tsakakin fatar Balarabe na aihini da baƙar fata, ba, a’a, kawai ba Balarabe bane, kuma shi ma ya san haka. Haka duk iya Turancin baƙar fata a Ingila ba za kira shi Ingilishi ba, sai dai ɗan ƙasar Ingila, domin Ingilishi (English) ƙabilace a Ingila tare da Sikotawa (Scottish), Irishawa (Irish) da kuma Welshawa (Welsh), kuma duk waɗannan Turawa ne, farar fata; babu baƙi a cikinsu. Su kansu a Ingila ɗin, zaka ji mutum na alfahari da ƙabilarsa – misali, duk da cewa shi fari ne, amma zai ce maka shi Ba’Irishe ne, ba Ingilishi ba. Saboda haka kamar Hausa, in ka ce English to ana nufin yaren da kuma Ƙabilar. Ta haka za a bambanta cewa “wannan mutumin British ne, amma fa ɗan ƙabilar Welshawa ne”
Bari in koma Najeriya. Idan, misali wani Bayarabe da matarsa suka bar ƙasar Yarabawa fiye da shekaru 100 da suka wuce, suka yada zango a wata unguwa a Kano suka yi zuri’a, to komai nisan zuri’ar da waɗannan iyayen zuri’a, duk a Yarabawa suke. Halin zamantakewar su zai iya sa waɗanda aka haifa daga baya basu ma san yaren iyayen nasu na asali ba, sai Hausa. Duk da haka, Yarabawa ne, domin salsalarsu ce. Idan dole sai an dangantasu da Hausa, to a iya kiransu abin da na ƙirƙiro da HAUSAWAN ZAMANTAKEWA. Amma ba Hausawa bane, domin Hausa ta wuce yare, ƙabila ce, tare da al’adunta na musamman, da kuma ɗabi’o’inta.
Mutum zai iya rungumar waɗannan domin ya zama Bahaushen Zamantakewa, amma ba zai zama Bahaushe ba, kamar yadda mutum zai iya karɓar rayuwar Larabawa domin ya zama ɗan, misali, Dubai, amma ba zai taɓa zama Balarabe ba in ba shi ba ne. Wannan misalin ma ya fi kusa da Fulani. Kusan a ƙasar Hausa da yawa mutane na ikirarin su Fulani ne – amma ba su iya yaren Fillanci ba. Ƙirar halittar su, da kuma riƙe aƙidar pulaaku (aƙidar Fillanci), shi ne zai tabbatar da su a Fulani, duk da ba su iya yarenba, sai Hausa zalla. Idan iyayen salsar sun ƙi su koyawa zuri’ar su yaren su domin suna son su ɓace su zama Hausawa (ko kuma mazaunan inda suka sami kansu), wannan ruwansu, amma wannan ba zai kankare musu Yarabancin ko kuma Fultancin ba. Mu danganta da cewa komai daɗewar Bahaushe a Shagamu, ba zai taɓa tsammanin shi Bayarabe ne ba. Ta haka za a ga Hausawan Kamaru da Gana da Kwango, misali, waɗansu basa jin Hausar sosai, ko kuma suna yin Hausar wata iri, wacce ta bambanta da Hausar ƙasar Hausa, amma kowanne daga cikinsu zai danganta salsalarsa da wani gari a ƙasar Hausa.
Wannan yana daga cikin ban mamakin albarkar da Allah ya yi wa Hausa da Hausawa – kullum waɗanda ba Hausawa sai so suke a ɗauke su a matsayin Hausawa, duk da cewa suna da tasu ƙabilar – da aƙidodin – wacce ya kamata su ɗaukaka.
Ku biyo mu
©️ Nigerian Bahaushe